Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)

Permissions to use scales

The scale is copyrighted but you are free to use it without permission or charge by researchers as long as you give credit to the authors of the scale:

Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y

About Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)

The SPANE is a 12-item questionnaire that includes six items to assess positive feelings and six items to assess negative feelings. For both the positive and negative items, three of the items are general (e.g., positive, negative) and three per subscale are more specific (e.g., joyful, sad).

Download Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) PDF

Important papers on Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE)

If you would like to know more about SPANE and its related research, please read the following papers, whose references are below.

Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Life-satisfaction is a momentary judgment and a stable personality characteristic: The use of chronically accessible and stable sources. Journal of Personality, 70(3), 345-384. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05008

Schimmack, U., & Rainer, R. (2002). Experiencing activation: Energetic arousal and tense arousal are not mixtures of valence and activation. Emotion, 2(4), 412–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528- 3542.2.4.412

Schimmack, U., & Grob, A. (2000). Dimensional models of core affect: A quantitative comparison by means of structural equation modeling. European Journal of Personality, 14(4), 325-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0984(200007/08)14:4<325::AID-PER380>3.0.CO;2-I

Book:
Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2008) Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.